GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE (GBV) AGAINST WOMEN IN ADDIS ABABA: THE CASE OF BOLE SUB–CITY

Abstract

Gender-based violence against women is one of the most common human rights, social, and health problems. However, studies on these issues are recent phenomena, especially in developing countries such as Ethiopia; there is still a lack of basic information on the scope, understanding of its effect, the root causes and how to prevent it. Despite the limited research, there are few studies, police and media reports indicate the prevalence and severity of the problem in the country. The study was conducted to explore and understand the experiences of women's violence in their own words about gender-based violence. Therefore, the researcher used a qualitative research method. The study was conducted in Bole sub-city from February to April 2021 including women who had been married or in relationship and engaged in sexual violence, Bole Sub-City Women, Children and Youth Sector, and Bole Sub-City Police Department. Interviews were applied on selected topic for 12 participants. The result of study is described as a complex phenomenon because of the various forms of abuse, intimidation, and social exclusion of those violated women's rights, including rape and battering. Violence against women occurs ranging from simple to serious acts which brought different forms of psychological, economic, social, mental, health and self–esteem effects to victim women. Additionally, the findings show that men who are physically abusive are also more likely to be psychologically, economically, and sexually abusive. In this study, lack of awareness and transgressions were identified as the main causes of gender-based violence. Alcoholism, masculinity, and jealousy have also been linked to dominance factors of violence. In fact, all causes are interrelated and manifestations of unequal power relationship between women and men has a significant impact on women's overall well-being. Regarding to response of gender-based violence, the study found that most abused women are not passive victims but develop active strategies to improve the safety of their children and themselves. It includes avoiding, enduring, and some fighting back while others try to keep their peace by fulfilling their husbands or partners needs even though they don’t want to. The response to women's abuse is often limited by the options available to them. Where women need help, they have primarily turned to informal sources of support than formal sources. As the study shows, they often don’t get the necessary support from the concerned bodies. Despite many obstacles, there were women who were determined to leave their husbands or intimate partner considering as divorce is one of the most effective strategy to deal with abused women. But after a divorce, they face many social and economic problems. Generally, although gender-based violence is a serious problem, it is still viewed as 'normal', private or family matter due to lack of awareness. Therefore, this study aims to provide insights into the experiences of disadvantaged women in Ethiopia and contribute to new and broader choices to prevent and strengthen the management system of gender-based violence